Metabolomic Analysis of Urine in Rat Model with Spleen-stomach Damp-heat Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTaking the rat model of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome（SSDHS） as the research object， this study aimed to investigate the potential biomarkers of SSDHS and the related metabolic pathways based on urine metabolomics， and tried to reveal the essence of SSDHS at the level of endogenous small molecular metabolites. MethodSixteen SD rats were randomly divided into normal and model groups. The normal group was fed normal chow and the model group was fed with 200 g·L-1 honey water daily， and lard and Chinese Baijiu alternately on alternate days for 17 days. The SSDHS model rats were exposed to external dampness-heat environment with temperature at 30-34 ℃， relative humidity of 95% for 2 h at the same time every day from the 10th day for 7 d. Then， the model was evaluated by observing the general conditions of the rats， measuring the contents of motilin（MTL） and gastrin（GT） in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， and examining the histopathology of gastronitestinal tissues. In additon， the urine metabolomics analysis was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， and the detection conditions was as follows：ACQUITY™ UPLC BEH C18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 μm）， mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution（B） for gradient elution （0-3 min， 1%-18%B； 3-8 min， 18%-40%B； 8-10 min， 40%-100%B）， the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1， electrospray ionization（ESI） in positive and negative ion modes， scanning range of m/z 50-1 000. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were constructed for screening inter-group differential ions， the element composition was calculated according to the precise relative molecular weight， and ion information was matched with databases such as Human Metabolome Database（HMDB） to identify biomarkers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database was used to obtain the biological information of metabolites， and their associated metabolic pathways were analyzed by MetaboAnalyst 5.0. ResultCompared with the normal group， the rectal temperature of the model group increased significantly（P<0.01）， the levels of plasma MTL and GT decreased significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and pathological changes such as bleeding， congestion and inflammatory infiltration in the gastric and colonic tissues. A total of 25 differential metabolites such as L-histidine， citric acid and isocitric acid were found to be the potential biomarker of SSDHS by urine metabolomics， 13 of which were phase Ⅱ metabolites of endogenous substances（glucuronic acid conjugates， sulfuric acid conjugates and acetyl conjugates）， involving the metabolic pathways of histidine metabolism， tricarboxylic acid cycle， glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. ConclusionSSDHS primarily causes disorders of histidine metabolism， tricarboxylic acid cycle， glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism， as well as the imbalance of the activation/inactivation of endogenous metabolites， which may involve the immune response， material and energy metabolism， inflammatory response and intestinal flora， and may provide a basis for the establishment and application of SSDHS model.

A Retrospective Clinical Study on the Correlation between the Theory of Five Movements and Six Climates， and Kidney Deficiency with Governor Vessel Cold Syndrome and Kidney Deficiency Damp-Heat Syndrome in Ankylosing Spondylitis / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the kidney deficiency and governor vessel cold syndrome and the kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis （AS） patients and the five evolutive phases and six climatic factors of their birth and onset year based on the theory of five movements and six climates （FMSC）. MethodsTotally 1791 patients with AS who were admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2010 to September 2020 and met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were selected in this study. The clinical data were classified into two types of syndromes， kidney deficiency and governor vessel cold syndrome and the kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome based on the diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. The date of birth and the year of disease onset were converted into FMSC symbols according to the perpetual almanac （《万年历》）， and the two could be converted into the terrestrial branch， year evolutive phase， host evolutive phase， guest evolutive phase， host climatic qi， guest climatic qi， celestial manager qi， guest climatic qi adding to fixed host qi， combined analysis of five evolutive phases and six climatic factors， solar terms， and season of the date of birth， as well as the terrestrial branch， year evolutive phase， and celestial manager qi of the year of disease onset. Univariate analyses were performed using the two independent samples t-test or the Mann Whitney U-test， the Pearson （Pearson） χ2 test， or one-way logistic regression analyses， and variables for which statistical significance existed in the one-way analyses were included in the multivariate logistic regression analyses. General conditions， clinical manifestations， physical signs， laboratory indicators ［including C reactive protein （CRP）， erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， and humans leukocyte antigen B27 （HLA-B27）］， measurement （including occipital wall distance， jaw peduncle distance， finger-to-ground distance， thoracic range of motion， and Schober experiment）， and distribution of FMSC of birth and disease onset between AS patients with kidney deficiency and governor vessel cold syndrome and with the kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome were compared， and the association between FMSC and AS patients with kidney deficiency and governor vessel cold syndrome and the kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome was studied. ResultsThe differences in ESR， CRP， chest mobility， occurrence of achilles tendon enthesitis， and peripheral arthritis between the two groups of patients were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Single factor analysis found that taking kidney deficiency and governor vessel cold syndrome as control the following FMSC factors increases the risk of developing kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome： excess of water in year evolutive phase at birth， excess of wood in host evolutive phase at birth， excess of wood in guest evolutive phase at birth， excess of wood in year evolutive phase of onset， deficiency of metal in year evolutive phase at birth （OR = 2.000， P = 0.004）， excess of metal in host evolutive phase at birth （OR = 1.745， P = 0.024） or excess of wood （OR = 1.781， P = 0.023）， deficiency of fire in guest evolutive phase at birth （OR = 1.689， P = 0.049） or deficiency of wood （OR = 1.901， P = 0.018） or excess of metal （OR = 2.163， P = 0.004）， excess of water in year evolutive phase at the disease onset （OR = 1.880 ， P = 0.013） or deficiency of wood （OR = 1.707， P = 0.022）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the risk of developing kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome in AS was increased by deficiency of metal in year evolutive phase at birth， excess of metal in host evolutive phase at birth， higher level of ESR， greater the chest mobility， incidence of concomitant Achilles tendon enthesitis and peripheral arthritis. ConclusionThe year evolutive phase and host evolutive phase at birth play a significant role in the development of kidney deficiency and governor vessel cold syndrome AS. Risk of developing kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome can be increased by excess of water or deficiency of metal in year evolutive phase at birth， and excess of wood or excess of metal in host evolutive phase at birth and the kidney deficiency damp-heat syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis.

Effect of Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription on intestinal flora in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis with liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription on intestinal homeostasis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis with liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome, as well as its effect on endotoxin, inflammatory factors, and cellular immune function. Methods A total of 72 patients who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to January 2021 and met the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were enrolled as subjects and then randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 36 patients in each group. In the treatment group, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, 2 patients were excluded, and 32 patients completed the study; in the control group, 2 patients were lost to follow-up, 1 patient was excluded, and 33 patients completed the study. In addition to the basic treatment including antiviral therapy and liver-protecting treatment, the patients in the observation group were given Jiedu Huayu Tongfu granules, and those in the control group were given oral administration of Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets; the course of treatment was 4 weeks for both groups. The 16S rDNA sequencing technique was used for sequencing of fecal flora, and the two groups were measured in terms of the changes in liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), and albumin (Alb)], endotoxin (ET), levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and CD4 + /CD8 + ) after treatment. For normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance, the paired t -test was used for comparison within each group, and the independent samples t -test was used for comparison between two groups; the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. Results The observation group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group (87.5% vs 60.6%, χ 2 =-2.299, P =0.022). After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in ALT, AST, and TBil and a significant increase in Alb (all P 0.05). Conclusion Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription, in combination with etiological and basic treatments, can alleviate clinical symptoms, reduce liver injury, and improve cellular immune function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis with liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome. Jiedu Huayu Tongfu prescription can improve the imbalance of intestinal flora by increasing the abundance of the probiotic bacteria such as Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium and the pathogenic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Cercozoa, and its effect in further improving liver and immune function may be associated with the regulation of intestinal microecology.

Effect of Modified Da Chaihutang on FXR/FGF15/FGFR4 Signaling Pathway in Mice with Cholesterol Gallstone Differentiated into Damp-Heat Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of modified Da Chaihutang on cholesterol gallstone （CS） in mice due to damp-heat based on the farnesoid X receptor （FXR）/fibroblast growth factor 15 （FGF15）/fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 （FGFR4） pathway and explore the molecular biological mechanisms of CS differentiated into damp-heat syndrome from the perspective of correspondence between prescription and syndrome. MethodForty-eight six-week-old mice were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， modified Da Chaihutang （23.4 g·kg-1） group， and ursodeoxycholic acid （0.12 g·kg-1） group， with 12 mice in each group. The ones in the latter three groups were exposed to "internal dampness + external dampness + high-cholesterol diet" for 12 weeks for inducing CS due to damp-heat. Mice in the modified Da Chaihutang group and ursodeoxycholic acid group were gavaged with the corresponding drugs， while those in the model and blank groups with the same amount of normal saline for a total of four weeks. Before and after modeling， mice in each group were subjected to open field tests for determining their activities and mental states. Such general conditions as body mass， food intake， fur， and urine and stool of mice in each group were observed and recorded weekly for judging the damp-heat syndrome. After the intervention， the sampled liver and gallbladder tissues of mice in each group were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the serum γ-glutamyltransferase （GGT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， and total bilirubin （TBIL） were determined. The total cholesterol （TC） and total bile acid （TBA） contents in bile were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FXR， FGF15， FGFR4， and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene （CYP7A1） were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polynucleotide chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited enlarged gallbladder， brown turbid bile with flocculent precipitation visible to the naked eye， obvious damp-heat syndrome， lipoid degeneration in the liver tissue， rough and thickened gallbladder wall， elevated ALP， GGT， and TBIL in serum （P<0.01） and TC in bile （P<0.01）， reduced TBA （P<0.01）， up-regulated FXR， FGF15， and FGFR4 mRNA and protein expression in ileum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated CYP7A1 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the two medication groups displayed improved bile turbidity， and the bile in the modified Da Chaihutang group became clearer. After intervention， the damp-heat syndrome of mice in the modified Da Chaihutang group was significantly alleviated. The liver and gallbladder lesions of mice in the two medication groups were significantly relieved， manifested as reduced serum ALP， GGT， and TBIL （P<0.01）. The reduction in ALP and TBIL of the modified Da Chaihutang group was more significant （P<0.01）. The TC contents in the bile of mice from the two medication groups were significantly lowered， whereas the TBA contents were elevated （P<0.01）， with more significant changes present in the modified Da Chaihutang group （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FXR， FGF15， and FGFR4 in the modified Da Chaihutang group were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP7A1 rose （P<0.05）， except that the elevation in FGF15 and FGFR4 protein expression and reduction in CYP7A1 protein expression were not significant. The mRNA and protein expression levels of FXR， FGF15， and FGFR4 in the ursodeoxycholic acid group all decreased， among which the reduction in FXR was remarkable （P<0.05）， and the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP7A1 were significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Da Chaihutang significantly improves the stone， liver function， bile composition， abnormal cholesterol-bile acid metabolism， and damp-heat syndrome in the model mice of CS differentiated into damp-heat syndrome， which may be related to its regulation of key factors FXR， FGF15， FGFR4， and CYP7A1 mRNA and protein expression in the cholesterol-bile acid metabolism pathway.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Qingre Lishi Prescription in Treating Children with Acute Bacterial Lower Urinary Tract Infection of Bladder Damp-heat Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy of Qingre Lishi prescription in treating children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection of bladder damp-heat syndrome， and to explore its mechanism of action. Method:Eighty children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection of late bladder damp-heat syndrome who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine were divided into control group and observation group， 40 cases in each group. Patients in control group were given Bazhengsan for oral treatment on basis of basic treatment， while patients in observation group were given Qingre Lishi prescription for oral administration plus external washing treatment. After two weeks of treatment， the clinical and etiological effect， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， antipyretic time and urinary negative time， adverse reactions， and urine pathogens （<italic>Escherichia coli， Enterococcus faecalis， Strange proteus， Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic>）， serum inflammatory factor indicators ［tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， calcium lowering PCT， white blood cell count （WBC） and serum C-reactive protein （CRP）］， immune function indicators ［T cell subsets （CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD8⁺） and complement （C3， C4）］ were comapred between two groups. Result:The clinical efficacy of observation group was 92.50% （37/40）， which was significantly higher than 65.00% （26/40） in control group （<italic>χ²</italic>=9.038， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， the etiological efficacy of observation group was 87.50% （35/40）， which was significantly higher than 60.00% （24/40） in control group （<italic>χ²</italic>=7.813， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. After treatment， the scores of TCM syndromes of the two groups were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The scores of fever， frequent urination， urgent urination， painful urination， difficulty urinating and abdominal pain in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the TCM syndrome scores in observation group were lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the antipyretic time and urinary bacteria turning negative time of observation group were significantly lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the <italic>Escherichia coli， Enterococcus faecalis， Proteus mirabilis， Klebsiella pneumoniae</italic> pathogenic bacteria detected in both groups were both significantly lower than those before treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. After treatment， the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-<italic>α</italic>， IL-6， IL-8， PCT， WBC and CRP in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the immune function of the two groups was significantly improved， and the levels of CD3⁺， CD4⁺， C3， and C4 in observation group were higher than those in control group（<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the CD8⁺ level was lower than that in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions had no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion:Qingre Lishi prescription has good clinical effect in treating children with acute bacterial lower urinary tract infection with bladder damp-heat syndrome. It can improve TCM syndromes and clinical symptoms. Its mechanism is related to inhibiting pathogenic bacteria， reducing inflammation， and improving immune function， and it has good security.

Screening and bioinformatic analysis of serum microRNA expression profiles in patients with Pi-deficiency syndrome / 第二军医大学学报

ObjectiveTo explore the pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation of Pi-deficiency syndrome (PDS) from microRNA (miRNA) levels through screening and bioinformatic analysis of serum miRNA expression in PDS patients. MethodsFour hyperlipemia patients with PDS, 4 hyperlipemia patients with Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDS) and 5 healthy volunteers were recruited. Their serum RNA was used in miRNA quantitative PCR array experiment. Serum miRNA expression profiles in PDS patients were screened to perform bioinformatic analysis. ResultsNine candidate miRNAs (6 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened from PDS patients. These miRNAs were able to clearly distinguish among PDS patients, PWDS patients and healthy volunteers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed 83 target genes controlled by 6 up-regulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in 7 pathways, which were mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathogens of infectious diseases, immune/inflammatory-related signaling pathway and pancreatic cancer; and 365 target genes controlled by 3 down-regulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in 5 pathways, which were mainly involved in signaling pathways of neurotrophin and phosphatidylinositol, RNA transport, and metabolisms of inositol phosphate and amino acid. ConclusionOur findings provide potential miRNA biomarkers for clinical syndrome differentiation of PDS patients, as well as information for understanding and studying the pathogenesis of PDS patients.

Evaluation of Different Effect of Pith-nodecayed and Pith-decayed Products of Scutellariae Radix on Large Intestine Damp-heat Syndrome Based on Pharmacological Indexes / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To compare the pharmacodynamic effects of pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed products of Scutellariae Radix on rats with large intestine damp-heat syndrome, and to demonstrate the scientificness of dividing Scutellariae Radix into pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed products as medicines by modern pharmacological test. Method::Rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, low-and high-dose group of pith-nodecayed products (0.9, 3.6 g·kg-1), low-and high-dose group of pith-decayed products (0.9, 3.6 g·kg-1), Scutellariae Radix group (0.9 g·kg-1), compound berberine tablets group (positive drug group, 0.045 g·kg-1), and 8 rats in each group. Taking model rats with large intestine damp-heat syndrome, the body temperature, thymus index, spleen index, pathological sections of colon and ileum, inflammatory factors and Secretory immunoglobulin (SIg) A content were selected as indexes to evaluate the therapeutic effect of pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed products on large intestine damp-heat syndrome, and make comprehensive evaluation of the difference in efficacy between them. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to analyze the pharmacological indexes of these two products against large intestine damp-heat syndrome. Result::Pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed products of Scutellariae Radix with different doses could reduce the body temperature, thymus index, spleen index, contents of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-1β in serum and SIgA content in intestinal mucosa, and most of them had significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the isodose group of pith-decayed products, the effect of corresponding dose group of pith-nodecayed products was better, and most of them had significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01). PLS-DA results indicated that there were significant differences in the pharmacological effects of pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed products, and they were clustered on one side, respectively. Conclusion::Both of pith-nodecayed and pith-decayed products of Scutellariae Radix have therapeutic effect on large intestine damp-heat syndrome with distinctly different strength of action, and pith-nodecayed products is superior to pith-decayed products, which verify the scientific nature of pith-nodecayed products was specializedly used to treat bowel disease in ancient times.

Advances Research on Mechanism of Traditional Chinese MedicineAgainst Damp-heat Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By summarizing the existing researches on the prevention and treatment of damp-heat syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， this paper digitized the TCM syndromes of damp-heat syndrome， enriched the TCM theories， and provided reference for the prevention and treatment of damp-heat syndrome and provided innovative ideas for the research of damp-heat syndrome. Damp-heat syndrome can cause pathological changes all over the body. It is easy to induce a variety of acute febrile diseases， including ulcerative colitis， chronic gastritis， chronic hepatitis B， chronic kidney disease， irritable bowel syndrome， pneumonia， cough and asthma， which seriously affects the health of the body. Damp-heat syndrome can be divided into syndrome of damp-heat in upper Jiao， syndrome of damp-heat in middle Jiao and syndrome of damp-heat in lower Jiao .At the same time it can be divided into damp-heat obstructing the lung， large intestine damp-heat， damp-heat containing the spleen， liver-gallbladder damp-heat， and bladder damp-heat syndrome ， nephritic damp-heat syndrome by simulating clinical pathogeny according to basic theories of TCM. Heat-clearing and dampness-expelling is the treatment principle of damp-heat syndrome. TCM achieves the purpose of treating damp-heat syndrome by virtue of its anti-inflammation， anti-oxidation， regulation of intestinal flora， lowering blood glucose， lowering blood lipid and enhancing immunity. Based on the two aspects of TCM and prescription， the application， mainly in the syndrome differentiation of triple energizer differentiation， visceral syndrome differentiation is complementary， pharmacological action and mechanism of TCM in prevention and treatment of damp heat syndrome are reviewed in detail， which is a concrete analysis and discussion， in order to provide relevant experience for data integration and system construction of damp heat syndrome， and provide new ideas and help for follow-up clinical drug research and development and optimization innovation of damp heat syndrome. At present， the material basis and relevant prevention and treatment mechanism of dampness-heat syndrome are still not clear in China， so it is necessary to further study and explore its potential biological diagnostic markers， strengthen the research and development of new Chinese medicine preparation against dampness-heat， and elaborate the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine on damp-heat syndrome in multiple ways and directions.

Clinical Efficacy of Changyanqing Mixture on Chronic Recurrent Ulcerative Colitis with Damp-heat Ayndrome of Large Intestine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To observe the clinical efficacy of Changyanqing mixture on chronic recurrent ulcerative colitis (UC) with damp-heat syndrome of large intestine and the effect on the recurrence of disease, in order to discuss the mechanism of action in terms of the neuro-endocrine-immune inflammation network. Method::One hundred and twelve patients were randomly divided into control group (55 cases) and observation group (57 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got mesalazine slow release tablets, 0.1 g/time, 4 times/days, and those the score of Mayo≥7 were added with prednisone acetate tablets, 0.75 mg·kg-1·d-1, and bifidobacterium viable powder with warm water after dinner, 1 pack/day, 2 times/days. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were also given Changyanqing mixture in the morning and evening, 1 pack/day. A course of treatment was 6 weeks, and patients got further consultation once a week. During the remission stage, patients in both groups got mesalazine slow release tablets, 0.5 g/time, 3 times/days, and patients in observation group were added with Changyanqing mixture until the score of damp-heat syndrome of large intestine reduced by more than 90%. The number of patients entering the remission stage of 6 weeks and the time of remission stage were recorded. Before and after treatment, colonoscopy was detected, and Geboes index, Baron, damp-heat syndrome of large intestine and Mayo were scored. And levels of peripheral blood interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), motilin (MTL) and neuropeptide (NPY) were detected, and relapse at the 24-week follow-up was recorded. Result::After the 6-week treatment, the clinical efficacy in observation group was 100%, which was higher than 89.09%in control group (P<0.05). And the healing rate of mucosa was 96.4%, which was higher than 81.82%in control group (P<0.05). And the response rate in two groups was 100%. At the 6th month after the treatment, the clinical remission rate in observation group was 91.23%, which was higher than 76.36%in control group (χ2=4.581, P<0.05). And the average remission time was shorter than that in control group (P<0.01). After treatment, scores of colonic mucosa, Geboes index, colonic mucosa and Mayo were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). And levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, VIP and MTL were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while levels of IL-10 and NPY were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). The relapse rate in observation group was 17.54%, which was lower than 38.18%in control group (χ2=5.955, P<0.05). And the mean recurrence time was longer than that in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion::In addition to the routine western medicine therapy, Changyanqing mixture can alleviate the condition of patients by shortening the course of the disease, reducing the recurrence rate, delaying the recurrence time, and regulating the nerve-endocrine-immune inflammation network.

Effect of Rong Huang granules of patients with non-dialysis kidney deficiency damp heat syndrome and chronic kidney disease mineral and bone metabolism disorder to serum OPG and RANKL levels / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To observe serum osteoprotegerin (OPG),receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) levels and the therapeutic effect of Rong Huang granules of patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease mineral and bone metabolism disorder (CKD-MBD) and kidney deficiency damp heat syndrome.Methods:70 cases of non-dialysis CKD-MBD with kidney deficiency damp heat syndrome,were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,the actual completion of 61 cases,30 cases in treatment group,31 cases in the control group;and a healthy normal group of 20 cases of patients was established.Two groups of patients were given symptomatic treatment,in addition,Rong Huang granules was plused in treating at treatment group and it was used three times a day,each time blunt one bag.The course of treatment was 8 weeks.The changes of kidney deficiency damp heat syndrome,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum of calcium (Ca),phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),parathyroid hormone (iPTH),OPG and RANKL levels were observed in two groups of patients.Results:The total effective rate in treatment group was significantly better than the control group(P<0.01).The integral value of syndrome decreased more significantly with the course of treatment increased of two groups of patients(P<0.01).Compared with the same period of therapy,the descender in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0.01).The levels of BUN, Scr,eGFR,Ca,P,iPTH and ALP were improved in the treatment group after treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01),BUN and iPTH were improved in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),other indexes were not improved(P>0.05).After treatment,BUN,Scr,eGFR,Ca, P,iPTH,ALP of treatment group were significantly better than the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the normal group,the levels of OPG and RANKL were significantly higher in CKD-MBD patients (P<0.01).After treatment,serum OPG level, serum RANKL level and OPG/RANKL ratio were significantly improved than before treatment in treatment group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and in the control group,only the OPG/RANKL ratio increased(P<0.01).After treatment,OPG,RANKL and OPG/RANKL ratio in the treatment group were obviously improved compared with them in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:The levels of OPG and RANKL in non-dialysis CKD-MBD patients with kidney deficiency damp heat syndrome were higher than those in healthy people,and the ratio of OPG/RANKL was lower than that in healthy people.Rong Huang granules can ameliorate clinical symptoms,prevent calcium and phosphorus metabolism,improve renal function,the mechanism may be related to the ameliorate of serum OPG and the decrease of serum RANKL level and the raise of ratio of OPG/RANKL.

Study on Diversity of Intestinal Flora of Patients with Large Intestine Damp Heat Syndrome and Ulcerative Colitis By High-Throughput Sequencing / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective: To explore the difference of intestinal flora between groups of ulcerative colitis and large intestine dampness heat syndrome and healthy group. Methods: A total of 14 stool samples from patients with ulcerative colitis and large intestine dyspepsia syndrome and 14 samples of healthy people were collected. Amplification was designed based on the 16 S r DNA V3-V4 region of the bacteria. Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was used for high-throughput sequencing.The ultimately sample species information was get by Reads splicing, OTUs (operational taxonomic units) clustering, species annotation, the analysis of alpha diversity and the analysis of principal component. Results: There was a significant difference in intestinal flora between the ulcerative colitis group and the healthy group (P=0.008 ＜ 0.01); and the diversity of intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis and large intestine dyspepsia syndrome was higher than that of healthy people. There a significant difference in the richness degree of intestinal flora patients with ulcerative colitis and large intestine dampness syndrome and the healthy group. Intestinal flora centered on Lactobacillus、Lactobacillaceae、Erysipelotrichaceae、Erysipelotrichales and Akkermansia bacteria was rich in patients with ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: There are significant differences in intestinal flora diversity and bacterial structure between patients with ulcerative colitis and large intestine dampness syndrome and the healthy group.

The clinical curative effect of dampness Kushen Decoction in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris with damp heat syndrome / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study and discuss the clinical curative effect of dampness Kushen Decoction in the treatment of psoriasis damp heat syndrome.Methods100 cases of psoriasis vulgaris(damp heat syndrome) patients who treated in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2016 were selected as the research object, the patients were divided into two groups by taking the single blind randomly grouping method, each group had 50 cases, the control group used Tacrolimus Ointment chemophlebitis, the observation group treated with dampness Kushen decoction on the basis of the control group, the total effective rate and skin injury score were compared between two groups.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05);after treatment, the PASI scores in two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the PASI score in the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe dampness Kushen Decoction in the treatment of psoriasis damp heat syndrome has significant curative effect, can effectively promote the skin damage and improve the prognosis better.

Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus from the Aspect of Damp-heat Constitution / 中国中医药信息杂志

Constitution is an important factor to determine the susceptibility and the occurrence of disease. This article analyzed causes and characteristics of damp-heat constitution, the change of damp-heat constitution to damp-heat syndrome, the relationship between damp-heat constitution and the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus. It reached the conclusion that damp-heat constitution is one of the important factors of diabetes mellitus, that damp-heat syndrome is always accompanied with the development of diabetes, and proposed the treatment methods of lifestyle intervention, elimination of pathogens through purgation and diuresis, nourishing yin and dredging the collaterals. It also proposed the new ideas and thoughts of early intervention in damp-heat constitution and distinguishing constitution therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Intervention effect of Qingshen Granules on oxidative stress in patients with chronic renal failure of damp-heat syndrome / 中成药

AIM To observe the changes of serum ROS,MDA,SOD levels in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with damp-heat syndrome and to explore the intervention effect of Qingshen Granules (Hedyotis diffusae Herba,Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Artemisiae scopariae Herba,etc.) on oxidative stress.METHODS Seventy cases of CRF patients with damp-heat syndrome were randomly and equally divided into control group and treatment group.Sixty cases completed the study,thirty-one cases in the treatment group,twenty-nine cases in the control group.Twenty other cases served as the normal group.The treatment group and the control group were given the basic treatment of western medicine and retention enema of TCM.The treatment group was added Qingshen Granules for eight weeks.The levels of U-Pro/24 h,Scr,BUN,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum ROS,MDA and SOD were measured before and after the treatment,and were compared with the normal group.RESULTS Both total effective rates on disease and on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in the treatment group were 83.87％,significantly higher than those in the control group (51.72％ and 48.28％),respectively.The levels of U-Pro/24 h,Scr and BUN were obviously lower in the treatment group after the treatment,and eGFR was obviously higher as compared with those in the control group.Before the treatment,the levels of ROS and MDA in the treatment and control groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group,and the level of SOD was significantly lower;the levels of ROS and MDA were reduced in the treatment group after the treatment,and the level of SOD was increased;these changes in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group.CONCLUSION Qingshen Granules can ameliorate clinical symptoms in CRF patients with damp-heat syndrome,decrease the levels of U-Pro/24 h,Scr and BUN,increase eGFR level,inhibit oxidative stress,and enhance antioxidant capacity,ultimately delay the development of renal fibrosis.

"Study on ""Different Diseases of the Same Syndrome"" Damp-heat Syndrome based on Metabonomics" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to reveal the material basis on different diseases of the same syndrome damp-heat syndrome from the level of metabonomics.The typical damp-heat syndrome patients diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis B,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,or chronic glomerulonephritis were included,with 30 cases in each disease.There were 30 healthy volunteers in the control group.The serum samples were detected by UPLC-QTOFMS and GC-TOFMS.And then,the results were analyzed by variance analysis in order to find out the generality and specificity of metabolic material in three different diseases with damp-heat syndrome.The results showed that through comparisons of different diseases with damp-heat syndrome,as well as the healthy group as control,it was revealed that inosine,uridine,aspartic acid,oleic acid glyceride and lactate were the same substances of three diseases of damp-heat syndrome.It was concluded that based on metabonomics,as for three different diseases with damp-heat syndrome,there were different substances among different diseases,but common substances related to damp-heat syndrome.Thus,it provided objective evidences for the theory of different diseases of the same syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the level of metabonomics.

Effects of Qingshen Granules on Life Quality of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Damp-heat Syndrome / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the improvement effects of Qingshen Granule on the life quality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with damp-heat syndrome. Methods The CKD patients with damp-heat syndrome were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group was treated with Western medicine, and the treatment group was treated with Qingshen Granules additionally for 12 weeks. SCr and eGFR were observed before and after treatment, and the life quality was investigated by KDQOL-SFTM1.3. Results Actually 156 cases were completed, including 77 cases in the treatment group and 79 cases in the control group. The total rate of curative effect was 81.82% (63/77) in teatment group, and (63.29%, 50/79) in control group, with significent difference (P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that gender, education level, TCM syndrome score, CKD stage, eGFR and Hb level could affect the life quality. The scores of KDQOL-SFTM and its containing the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) and kidney disease targeted areas (KDTA) were significantly improved after treatment in experimental group (P<0.05), while the scores in control group were with no significant improvement. The improving effects of PCS, and SPL, SLEEP, PS in KDTA in treatment group were significantly superior to those in control group (P<0.05). The scores of life quality in effective and stable cases increased significantly after treatment compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Qingshen Granules can effectively improve the life quality of CKD patients with damp-heat syndrome, and the effect is not dependent on the improvement of laboratory indexes (renal function).

Clinical study on Changyanning Granule in treatment of children with dyspepsia / 中草药

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Changyanning Granule for treating children with dyspepsia (damp heat syndrome of spleen and stomach). Methods: A randomized double-blind positive-controlled multi-center trial was used. Four hundred and eighty cases of children with dyspesia were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The children in experimental group were given Changyanning Granule, and those in the control group were treated by Xiaoer Xishi Pian, then to evaluate the children with the disease in these two groups in improvement of clinical symptoms, total score of TCM syndrome efficacy, score of TCM individual symptome efficacy. Results: Two groups of 1-3 year old children in both the healing rate and significant efficiency and the total effective rate had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Two groups of 4-5 year old children in the healing rate and significant efficiency had no significant difference while the total effective rate was statistically significant (P<0.05). Two groups of 4-5 year old children in both the healing rate and significant efficiency and the total effective rate were statistically significant (P<0.05). Two groups of children in total score of TCM syndrome efficacy were statistically significant (P<0.05). The same group of score for TCM individual symptome efficacy after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001), the improvement of abdominal fullness at the group of 1-3 year old, anorexia, body weight drowsiness, and short yellow urine symptoms at the group of 6-14 year old, meanwhile, were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the improvement of the experimental group was better than that of the control group. It was confirmed that Changyanning Granule in the treatment of children with dyspepsia is good safety through the analysis of safety indicators and adverse events. Conclusion: Changyanning Granule is a kind of Chinese medicine granule, which can be used for the treatment of children with dyspesia, spleen, and stomach damp heat syndrome by TCM syndrome differentiation. The therapeutic effect is reliable, and it is worth to be popularized in pediatrics.

A study on Qingshen granule for treatment of renal fibrosis in patients with chronic renal failure accompanied by damp-heat syndrome and its mechanism / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the anti-fibrosis therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qingshen granule for treatment of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) accompanied by damp-heat syndrome.Methods Sixty-eight patients with CRF accompanied by damp-heat syndrome were randomly divided into a control group and a observation group, and the study was completed only in 61 patients, 31 in the control group and 30 in the observation group. Thirty subjects having taken physical health examination were assigned in a healthy control group. All the patients in both treatment groups were treated with conventional western medical therapy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) retention enema, and for patients in observation group, Qingshen granule was given additionally, 1 bag (10 g) thrice a day taken orally. The therapeutic course was 8 weeks. The clinical therapeutic effect, the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum interleukin-17 (IL-17), collagen type Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured before and after treatment in the two treatment groups, and the above results were compared with those in healthy control group.Results Clinically, the total effective rates of the disease and of the TCM syndrome in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (86.67% vs. 58.06%, 83.33% vs. 45.16%, bothP < 0.01). In the observation group, the level of SCr was obviously lower, and the level of eGFR was markedly higher after treatment, and compared with the control group, the changes in above data after treatment in observation group were more significant [SCr (μmol/L): 250.62±164.97 vs. 393.72±183.64, eGFR (mL·min-1·1.73 m-2): 33.42±17.24 vs. 39.72±23.85, bothP < 0.05]. After treatment, the levels of serum IL-17, Col-Ⅲ and NF-κB p65 in PBMC were obviously lowered in both treatment groups compared with those before treatment, the therapeutic effect in observation group being superior to that in the control group [IL-17 (ng/L): 17.47±8.87 vs. 25.51±16.69, Col-Ⅲ (μg/L): 17.06±8.76 vs. 23.77±10.44, NF-κB p65 (μg/L): 0.58±0.34 vs. 0.83±0.30, allP < 0.05].Conclusion The Qingshen granule can ameliorate the clinical symptoms, improve renal function, decrease the levels of serum IL-17, Col-Ⅲ and NF-κB p65 in PBMC, intervene renal fibrosis in patients with CRF and damp-heat syndrome, ultimately delaying the progress of CRF.

Serum Protein Expression Profiles of Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients with Damp Heat Syndrome / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was applied for the quantitative analysis of serum protein in psoriasis vulgaris patients with damp heat syndrome and healthy volunteers to explore the differentially expressed proteins, thus to reveal the nature of damp heat syndrome from the proteomics level.Methods The serum from 15 psoriasis vulgaris patients with damp heat syndrome and 10 healthy volunteers was purified and treated with removal of abundance. After separation with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and hydrolysis of peptide specific iTRAQ marker enzyme, the differentially expressed proteins of serum samples were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Results A total of 787 proteins were identified, and 718 proteins had the functional annotation showed by gene ontology ( GO) in psoriasis vulgaris pa tients with damp heat syndrome. A total of 651 differentially expressed proteins were identified by compared with healthy volunteers ( P<0.05) , and markedly significant difference was shown in 418 proteins ( P<0.01) . Conclusion Psoriasis vulgaris patients with damp heat syndrome have differentially expressed proteins which are different from those in the healthy volunteers, but which kind of protein being specific for damp-heat psoriasis vulgaris as well as the relation between the damp heat symptoms and proteins still need to be further studied.

Analysis of Serum Inflammation Related Factors of Influenza A (H1N1) Patients with Epidemic Febrile Damp-heat Syndrome and Warm-heat Syndrome / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To analyze the serum inflammation related factors of influenza A ( induced by sub-type H1N1 virus) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome and warm-heat syndrome. Results Fifty-six patients confirmed as influenza A ( H1N1) were differentiated into epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome ( 36 cases) and epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome (20 cases) . And then we observed the serum immune globulins IgM and IgG, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), lipolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels of the influenza A patients. Results Insignificant differences of serum IgM, IgG, IL-8, TNF-ɑand TGF-β1 levels were shown between epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome patients and epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome patients (P>0.05), but the differences of LBP, TLR4 and sCD14 were significant (P<0.05) .Conclusion Influenza A (H1N1) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome have higher serum LBP, TLR4 and sCD14 levels than patients with epidemic febrile warm-heat syndrome, indicating that inflammatory reaction is severer in influenza A (H1N1) patients with epidemic febrile damp-heat syndrome.